211 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
211 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
# 部署指南
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> 适用于 2 核 2G VPS（Ubuntu 22.04/24.04），Gunicorn + Nginx + SQLite。
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## 前置条件
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```bash
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# 确保系统已安装
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python3.12 --version # Python 3.12+
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git --version # Git
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nginx -v # Nginx
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# 如缺少 Python 3.12：
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt install python3.12 python3.12-venv python3.12-dev
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```
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## 一、应用部署
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```bash
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# 1. 克隆仓库
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git clone https://github.com/your-org/skelet.git /var/www/skelet
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cd /var/www/skelet
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# 2. 创建虚拟环境
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python3.12 -m venv .venv
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source .venv/bin/activate
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# 3. 安装依赖
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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pip install gunicorn
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# 4. 配置环境变量
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cp .env.example .env
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# 编辑 .env 填写真实密钥
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export $(cat .env | xargs)
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# 5. 静态文件收集 & 数据库迁移 & 种子数据
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python manage.py collectstatic --noinput
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python manage.py migrate
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python manage.py createsuperuser
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python manage.py seed_data --clear
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# 6. 测试应用可运行
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python manage.py check
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```
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## 二、Gunicorn Systemd Service
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```bash
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# /etc/systemd/system/skelet.service
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[Unit]
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Description=Skelet Gunicorn daemon
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After=network.target
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[Service]
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User=www-data
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Group=www-data
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WorkingDirectory=/var/www/skelet
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EnvironmentFile=/var/www/skelet/.env
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ExecStart=/var/www/skelet/.venv/bin/gunicorn \
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--workers 2 \
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--bind unix:/var/www/skelet/run/gunicorn.sock \
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--access-logfile /var/log/skelet/access.log \
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--error-logfile /var/log/skelet/error.log \
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skelet.wsgi:application
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Restart=always
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RestartSec=5
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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```
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```bash
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mkdir -p /var/www/skelet/run /var/log/skelet
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chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/skelet /var/log/skelet
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chmod 755 /var/www/skelet/.venv/bin/gunicorn
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systemctl daemon-reload
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systemctl enable skelet
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systemctl start skelet
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systemctl status skelet
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```
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## 三、Nginx 配置
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```nginx
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# /etc/nginx/sites-available/skelet
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server {
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listen 80;
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server_name yourdomain.com;
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client_max_body_size 20M;
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location /static/ {
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alias /var/www/skelet/static/;
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expires 30d;
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add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
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}
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location /media/ {
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alias /var/www/skelet/media/;
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}
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location / {
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include proxy_params;
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proxy_pass http://unix:/var/www/skelet/run/gunicorn.sock;
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proxy_set_header Host $host;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
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}
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}
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```
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```bash
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ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/skelet /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
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rm -f /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
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nginx -t
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systemctl reload nginx
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```
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## 四、SQLite 上线检查（T-303）
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### JSON1 支持验证
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```bash
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python -c "import sqlite3; c=sqlite3.connect(':memory:'); c.execute('SELECT json(\'{\"a\":1}\')'); print('JSON1 supported')"
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```
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### 启用 WAL 模式
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```bash
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python manage.py dbshell
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PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL;
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.quit
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```
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验证：
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```bash
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python manage.py dbshell -- -cmd "PRAGMA journal_mode;"
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# 输出 wal
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```
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### 备份策略
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```bash
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# 每日备份脚本（crontab：0 3 * * * /root/backup-skelet.sh）
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#!/bin/bash
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BACKUP_DIR=/var/backups/skelet
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mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"
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DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)
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# 备份数据库（生产环境先暂停写入）
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sqlite3 /var/www/skelet/db.sqlite3 ".backup '$BACKUP_DIR/db-$DATE.sqlite3'"
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# 备份 media 文件
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tar -czf "$BACKUP_DIR/media-$DATE.tar.gz" -C /var/www/skelet media/
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# 保留最近 30 天备份
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find "$BACKUP_DIR" -name 'db-*.sqlite3' -mtime +30 -delete
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find "$BACKUP_DIR" -name 'media-*.tar.gz' -mtime +30 -delete
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```
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### PostgreSQL 迁移触发条件
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当前使用 SQLite（读多写少场景足够）。当出现以下任一情况时，应迁移 PostgreSQL：
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- 后台多人同时编辑时出现 `database is locked`
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- 预计日均写入请求超过 100 次
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- 索引无法加速复杂筛选查询
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- 上线了用户提交、评论、收藏、会员等前台写入功能
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迁移方式：
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```bash
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# 1. 使用 pgloader 迁移数据
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# 2. 更新 settings/production.py 数据库配置至 PostgreSQL
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# 3. 设置环境变量 DATABASE_URL=postgres://user:pass@host/db
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```
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## 五、日常维护
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### 重启应用
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```bash
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systemctl restart skelet
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```
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### 重新加载 Nginx
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```bash
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systemctl reload nginx
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```
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### 回滚部署
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```bash
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cd /var/www/skelet
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git revert HEAD
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systemctl restart skelet
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```
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### 查看日志
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```bash
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journalctl -u skelet -n 50
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tail -f /var/log/skelet/error.log
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```
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