feat: add proxy labels and default profiles

cmd/chub/main.go

@@ -28,7 +28,10 @@ import (
 
 const version = "0.1.0-dev"
 
-var openDefaultConfig = config.OpenDefault
+var (
+	openDefaultConfig           = config.OpenDefault
+	defaultInstanceUserDataRoot = config.DefaultInstanceUserDataRoot
+)
 
 func main() {
 	if len(os.Args) > 1 {
@@ -102,6 +105,12 @@ func runWindow(logger *slog.Logger) {
 	window.Option(app.Title("Chub"), app.Size(unit.Dp(1100), unit.Dp(720)))
 	theme := material.NewTheme()
 	shell := ui.NewShell(theme)
+	if root, err := defaultInstanceUserDataRoot(); err != nil {
+		logger.Error("resolve default instance user data root", "error", err)
+		shell.ReportStartupIssue("无法确定程序目录中的默认 User Data Dir；新建实例时请选择其他绝对路径。")
+	} else {
+		shell.SetDefaultInstanceUserDataRoot(root)
+	}
 	directoryPicker := files.NewDirectoryPicker()
 	shell.OnChooseDirectory(directoryPicker.ChooseDirectory, window.Invalidate)
 	discoverer := browser.NewDiscoverer()

docs/06-tasks.md

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 | T-401 | 已验证实例的 CDP 页面目标只读查看 | T-302,T-303,T-310 | DONE |
 | T-402 | Windows 通知区域入口与显式退出协调 | T-303,T-305,T-307 | TODO |
 | T-403 | 便携配置路径与安全 legacy 迁移 | T-202,T-309 | DONE |
-| T-404 | 代理名称、独立默认目录与实例列表代理列 | T-304,T-306,T-309,T-403 | DOING |
+| T-404 | 代理名称、独立默认目录与实例列表代理列 | T-304,T-306,T-309,T-403 | DONE |
 
 ## Backlog
 

docs/current-state.md

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 ## 快照
 
 - 日期：2026-07-27
-- 阶段：Phase 4 CDP 只读观察与后台入口（T-301 至 T-310、T-201 至 T-208、T-401、T-403 已完成；T-402 已规划，T-404 进行中）
+- 阶段：Phase 4 CDP 只读观察与后台入口（T-301 至 T-310、T-201 至 T-208、T-401、T-403、T-404 已完成；T-402 已规划）
 - 代码：已建立 Go module `chub`、`cmd/chub` 入口、logging 测试基座、浏览器 domain/application 合约、Chrome/Edge 参数/发现模块、启动 registry、Windows 身份/占用检查、loopback CDP 端口分配与端点校验、受限 CDP 目标读取、exe 同级 JSON 配置与 legacy 安全迁移、优雅关闭、Job Object、真实 Chrome/Edge smoke、启动恢复、CLI JSON 合约、应用内事件总线、UI 状态测试和 Windows smoke 脚本，T-001 至 T-003、T-101 至 T-104、T-201 至 T-208、T-301 至 T-310、T-401、T-403 已完成
-- UI：Gio 双页 Shell 使用左侧“实例/设置”导航；实例页以等宽“新建实例 / 刷新实例状态”命令区开始，窄内容区自动堆叠。列表固定显示实例名称、浏览器类型、用户数据目录、调试端口、状态和带边框的操作列；端口列在未启动/已退出时显示“建议 {端口}”、启动中显示“准备 {端口}”、托管运行显示“实际 {端口}”、外部关联显示“外部 {端口}”，避免将持久首选端口误作监听事实。新建表单从设置的起始端口推荐最低未冲突端口，编辑停止实例可修改首选端口；启动后台优先该端口并避开其他实例的首选/实际端口，成功回退后才保存新的首选值。操作顺序固定为启动/停止（或重新检测）、编辑、删除，删除与相邻操作保持更大间距以降低误点。主操作在已退出时启动，在 Chub 托管运行或调试不可用时显示停止，在启动/停止中禁用，在外部关联、外部占用或未知占用时仅重新检测；优雅停止通过后台 adapter 验证 registry 的 PID/profile 身份并等待其释放，绝不按进程名关闭或接管外部 Chrome/Edge。刷新通过后台回调只检查已保存实例，以配置快照丢弃编辑或删除后的过期结果；它结合 Chub registry、指定 profile 的外部占用证据和 loopback CDP 端点更新状态，但不扫描、接管或关闭其他 Chrome/Edge。双击、Enter 或编辑图标打开实例编辑弹层，支持名称、浏览器类型、User Data Dir、启动 URL、首选端口、完整地址代理选择和只读实际端口；保存保留未公开启动选项，Escape 对脏表单先请求确认，活跃/外部关联实例锁定身份约束字段。设置页使用完整代理地址选择器、地址输入及保存/删除操作；选择会回填地址，保存按稳定 `proxyId` 新增或更新，删除未引用代理前必须确认，仍被实例引用的代理会被拒绝。启动通过异步回调接到 Windows 浏览器启动器：未占用目录从已保存的起始端口（空值默认 9666）选择 loopback CDP 端口，并在启动时按已选代理 ID 解析最新的 `--proxy-server` 参数；同目录外部浏览器只有在 `DevToolsActivePort` 与 CDP 端点可验证时才显示“外部已关联”，且不会接管其生命周期。删除使用确认弹层，只删除 Chub 实例配置而不删除 User Data Dir。新建、编辑和删除实例会保存到本地配置；四个设置路径有独立异步可取消搜索，切换页面后输入和任务状态保留；新建实例表单使用 Label、Windows 原生目录选择器和 Chrome/Edge RadioButton；CLI `list/events` 已可用，`start/stop/restart` 等待 BrowserManager adapter
+- UI：Gio 双页 Shell 使用左侧“实例/设置”导航；实例页以等宽“新建实例 / 刷新实例状态”命令区开始，窄内容区自动堆叠。列表固定显示实例名称、浏览器类型、用户数据目录、代理名称、调试端口、状态和带边框的操作列；代理列只由稳定 `ProxyID` 解析当前名称（无代理时显示“无代理”），长名称省略且不挤压操作列。端口列在未启动/已退出时显示“建议 {端口}”、启动中显示“准备 {端口}”、托管运行显示“实际 {端口}”、外部关联显示“外部 {端口}”，避免将持久首选端口误作监听事实。新建表单从设置的起始端口推荐最低未冲突端口，并从实际 exe 同级 `user_data_dirs\\<实例 ID>` 预填一个独立、可编辑的 User Data Dir；ID 先分配，UI 不做目录 I/O，无法取得 exe 根目录时保留手动输入入口。编辑停止实例可修改首选端口；启动后台优先该端口并避开其他实例的首选/实际端口，成功回退后才保存新的首选值。操作顺序固定为启动/停止（或重新检测）、编辑、删除，删除与相邻操作保持更大间距以降低误点。主操作在已退出时启动，在 Chub 托管运行或调试不可用时显示停止，在启动/停止中禁用，在外部关联、外部占用或未知占用时仅重新检测；优雅停止通过后台 adapter 验证 registry 的 PID/profile 身份并等待其释放，绝不按进程名关闭或接管外部 Chrome/Edge。刷新通过后台回调只检查已保存实例，以配置快照丢弃编辑或删除后的过期结果；它结合 Chub registry、指定 profile 的外部占用证据和 loopback CDP 端点更新状态，但不扫描、接管或关闭其他 Chrome/Edge。双击、Enter 或编辑图标打开实例编辑弹层，支持名称、浏览器类型、User Data Dir、启动 URL、首选端口、以“名称 · 地址”显示的代理选择和只读实际端口；保存保留未公开启动选项，Escape 对脏表单先请求确认，活跃/外部关联实例锁定身份约束字段。设置页使用完整代理地址选择器、代理名称与地址输入及保存/删除操作；选择会回填名称和地址，保存按稳定 `proxyId` 新增或更新并校验名称/地址唯一性，删除未引用代理前必须确认，仍被实例引用的代理会被拒绝。启动通过异步回调接到 Windows 浏览器启动器：未占用目录从已保存的起始端口（空值默认 9666）选择 loopback CDP 端口，并在启动时按已选代理 ID 解析最新的 `--proxy-server` 参数；同目录外部浏览器只有在 `DevToolsActivePort` 与 CDP 端点可验证时才显示“外部已关联”，且不会接管其生命周期。删除使用确认弹层，只删除 Chub 实例配置而不删除 User Data Dir。新建、编辑和删除实例会保存到本地配置；四个设置路径有独立异步可取消搜索，切换页面后输入和任务状态保留；新建实例表单使用 Label、Windows 原生目录选择器和 Chrome/Edge RadioButton；CLI `list/events` 已可用，`start/stop/restart` 等待 BrowserManager adapter
 - T-307：本应用会话启动的受管 Chrome/Edge 根进程由单实例后台 `Wait` 监控；意外退出按 ID、启动代次和 PID 验证后立即变为“已退出”，清空运行时 PID/端口，并以可关闭、可合并的提示告知用户。提示关闭后焦点回到启动操作；Chub 请求停止、外部实例、过期事件和应用关闭取消监控均不提示。
 - T-308：设置页以可滚动的外层工作区承载浏览器路径、默认目录、运行行为和代理分区；分区、字段、状态提示和保存操作区使用统一的浅色圆角描边。路径字段在紧凑内容区会将输入与“选择/搜索”操作纵向重排，切换页面后滚动、输入与异步搜索状态仍由持久 Gio widget 保留。
 - 浏览器核心：设计参考来自 `D:\OPC\shop_helm\internal\platform\chrome`，尚未复制或接入本项目
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 - T-401：仅在运行中或外部已关联实例已有有效实际端口时，编辑弹层可打开“标签页（CDP 页面目标）”只读模态层。后台先复核 loopback `/json/version` 的浏览器类型，再读取有限的 `/json/list`；只显示 ID、类型、标题和移除 userinfo/query/fragment 的 URL，不暴露 WebSocket 地址、不建立 WebSocket、也不执行浏览器控制。读取、错误、空列表和端口/状态变化都有反馈，Escape/关闭后焦点回到入口。
 - T-402：已规划 Windows 通知区域图标、显示主窗口、刷新已保存实例状态和显式退出协调。首版不在托盘菜单中直接操作浏览器，不改变窗口关闭语义，也不实现关闭窗口后隐藏；Windows 原生 Shell adapter、Explorer 重启恢复、图标资源与退出清理将在实施阶段完成。
 - T-403：默认配置已改为实际 `chub.exe` 同级 `config.json`，不受当前工作目录影响。目标缺失时会校验并原子复制旧 AppData 配置，旧文件保持恢复副本；目标优先且不会自动合并、切回 AppData 或迁移浏览器 User Data Dir。CLI 与 GUI 共用 `OpenDefault()`；配置不可用时 CLI 返回无敏感细节的稳定错误，GUI 显示恢复提示。
-- T-404：已定义代理名称与地址的同次显式保存、名称校验、列表显示和独立默认 profile 目录边界。新建实例将以实际 exe 目录生成 `user_data_dirs\\<稳定实例 ID>`，代理名称按 ProxyID 推导而不复制到实例配置；UI 不进行文件 I/O。局部表单/列表调整沿用已确认两页布局，无需新增 HTML 原型。
-- blocker：无；当前任务为 T-404，后续仍可实施 T-402。
+- T-404：已完成代理名称/地址同次显式保存、名称与端点唯一性校验、选择回填、列表代理名称列以及独立默认 profile 目录。新建实例先分配稳定 ID，再由实际 exe 目录生成 `user_data_dirs\\<实例 ID>`；代理名称按 ProxyID 推导而不复制到实例配置，UI 不进行文件 I/O。已通过单元测试、竞态检测、vet、无控制台 GUI 打包和 Windows smoke。
+- blocker：无；下一任务为 T-402。
 
 ## 当前目录
 

docs/tasks/T-404.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ id: T-404
 title: 代理名称、独立默认目录与实例列表代理列
 phase: 4
 deps: [T-304, T-306, T-309, T-403]
-status: DOING
+status: DONE
 created: 2026-07-27
 owner: codex
 ---
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ owner: codex
 
 ## 执行记录
 
-- 状态：DOING
-- 变更：已完成需求、架构、API、用户故事、交互清单、任务路线与 UI 评审场景更新。
+- 状态：DONE
+- 变更：已完成代理名称输入、名称/地址同次保存与校验、选择回填、稳定 ProxyID 保留、列表代理名称列以及实际 exe 同级 `user_data_dirs\\<实例 ID>` 默认目录。配置层拒绝空白/大小写重复名称和重复端点；默认目录只计算路径且不创建目录。
 - UI/UX：依据 Gio 表单/列表适配约束，确认本次是已有两页工作区的局部字段和列调整，不改变导航、模态流程或已确认结构，故不新增 HTML 原型；实现保留现有持久 widget、稳定 ID、键盘与窄窗口重排契约。
-- 验证：文档链接、Git diff 检查和文档提交待完成。
+- 验证：`go test ./...`、`go test -race ./cmd/chub ./internal/domain ./internal/platform/config ./internal/ui`、`go vet ./...`、`build.bat`、`powershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File scripts\\smoke-windows.ps1` 和 `git diff --check` 均通过；已确认 `build\\chub.exe` 为 Windows GUI 子系统。仅 `build.bat`、`run.bat` 保持未跟踪，未纳入任务提交。
 - 阻塞：无。

internal/domain/browser.go

@@ -104,6 +104,16 @@ func NormalizeProxyServer(value string) (string, error) {
 	return scheme + "://" + net.JoinHostPort(strings.ToLower(parsed.Hostname()), strconv.Itoa(port)), nil
 }
 
+// NormalizeProxyName returns a non-empty display name for a locally saved
+// proxy profile. It deliberately carries no endpoint or credentials semantics.
+func NormalizeProxyName(value string) (string, error) {
+	name := strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	if name == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: proxy name is required", ErrInvalidLaunchSpec)
+	}
+	return name, nil
+}
+
 func ValidRemoteDebugPort(port int) bool {
 	return port >= MinRemoteDebugPort && port <= MaxRemoteDebugPort
 }

internal/domain/browser_test.go

@@ -80,3 +80,13 @@ func TestNormalizeProxyServerCanonicalizesAndRejectsCredentials(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestNormalizeProxyNameRequiresNonEmptyDisplayText(t *testing.T) {
+	got, err := NormalizeProxyName("  新加坡出口  ")
+	if err != nil || got != "新加坡出口" {
+		t.Fatalf("NormalizeProxyName() = %q, %v", got, err)
+	}
+	if _, err := NormalizeProxyName(" \t "); !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidLaunchSpec) {
+		t.Fatalf("empty proxy name error = %v", err)
+	}
+}

internal/platform/config/store.go

@@ -68,6 +68,27 @@ func DefaultPath() (string, error) {
 	return defaultPathForExecutable(executable)
 }
 
+// DefaultInstanceUserDataRoot returns the portable root for new browser
+// profiles. It resolves the actual executable location and never uses cwd.
+func DefaultInstanceUserDataRoot() (string, error) {
+	executable, err := os.Executable()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: resolve executable", ErrDefaultConfigUnavailable)
+	}
+	return defaultInstanceUserDataRootForExecutable(executable)
+}
+
+// DefaultInstanceUserDataDir returns a unique-instance profile path below the
+// executable-side user_data_dirs root. It only computes a path; it does not
+// create directories or validate their write permissions.
+func DefaultInstanceUserDataDir(instanceID string) (string, error) {
+	root, err := DefaultInstanceUserDataRoot()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return defaultInstanceUserDataDir(root, instanceID)
+}
+
 // LegacyPath is the pre-portable configuration location. It is read only when
 // the executable-side config does not exist yet.
 func LegacyPath() (string, error) {
@@ -107,6 +128,23 @@ func defaultPathForExecutable(executable string) (string, error) {
 	return filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(filepath.Clean(path)), "config.json"), nil
 }
 
+func defaultInstanceUserDataRootForExecutable(executable string) (string, error) {
+	path := strings.TrimSpace(executable)
+	if path == "" || !filepath.IsAbs(path) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: executable path must be absolute", ErrDefaultConfigUnavailable)
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(filepath.Clean(path)), "user_data_dirs"), nil
+}
+
+func defaultInstanceUserDataDir(root, instanceID string) (string, error) {
+	root = strings.TrimSpace(root)
+	instanceID = strings.TrimSpace(instanceID)
+	if root == "" || !filepath.IsAbs(root) || instanceID == "" || filepath.Base(instanceID) != instanceID || instanceID == "." {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: invalid default instance directory", ErrDefaultConfigUnavailable)
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(filepath.Clean(root), instanceID), nil
+}
+
 func openDefaultAt(target, legacy string) (*Store, error) {
 	store, targetExists, err := defaultStore(target)
 	if err != nil || targetExists {
@@ -303,28 +341,35 @@ func normalizeProxyConfig(value *File) error {
 		return errors.New("config is required")
 	}
 	byID := make(map[string]ProxyProfile, len(value.Proxies))
-	names := make(map[string]struct{}, len(value.Proxies))
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(value.Proxies))
+	servers := make(map[string]struct{}, len(value.Proxies))
 	for i := range value.Proxies {
 		profile := &value.Proxies[i]
 		profile.ID = strings.TrimSpace(profile.ID)
-		profile.Name = strings.TrimSpace(profile.Name)
-		if profile.ID == "" || profile.Name == "" {
+		name, err := domain.NormalizeProxyName(profile.Name)
+		if profile.ID == "" || err != nil {
 			return errors.New("invalid proxy configuration")
 		}
+		profile.Name = name
 		if _, exists := byID[profile.ID]; exists {
 			return errors.New("duplicate proxy configuration")
 		}
-		nameKey := strings.ToLower(profile.Name)
-		if _, exists := names[nameKey]; exists {
+		for _, existing := range names {
+			if strings.EqualFold(existing, profile.Name) {
 				return errors.New("duplicate proxy configuration")
 			}
+		}
 		server, err := domain.NormalizeProxyServer(profile.Server)
 		if err != nil || server == "" {
 			return errors.New("invalid proxy configuration")
 		}
+		if _, exists := servers[server]; exists {
+			return errors.New("duplicate proxy configuration")
+		}
 		profile.Server = server
 		byID[profile.ID] = *profile
-		names[nameKey] = struct{}{}
+		names = append(names, profile.Name)
+		servers[server] = struct{}{}
 	}
 
 	legacyByServer := make(map[string]string, len(value.Proxies))
@@ -351,10 +396,12 @@ func normalizeProxyConfig(value *File) error {
 		proxyID := legacyByServer[server]
 		if proxyID == "" {
 			proxyID = nextLegacyProxyID(byID)
-			profile := ProxyProfile{ID: proxyID, Name: "导入代理 " + strconv.Itoa(len(value.Proxies)+1), Server: server}
+			profile := ProxyProfile{ID: proxyID, Name: nextLegacyProxyName(names), Server: server}
 			value.Proxies = append(value.Proxies, profile)
 			byID[proxyID] = profile
 			legacyByServer[server] = proxyID
+			names = append(names, profile.Name)
+			servers[server] = struct{}{}
 		}
 		instance.ProxyID = proxyID
 		instance.Launch.ProxyServer = ""
@@ -371,6 +418,22 @@ func nextLegacyProxyID(existing map[string]ProxyProfile) string {
 	}
 }
 
+func nextLegacyProxyName(existing []string) string {
+	for index := 1; ; index++ {
+		candidate := "导入代理 " + strconv.Itoa(index)
+		duplicate := false
+		for _, name := range existing {
+			if strings.EqualFold(name, candidate) {
+				duplicate = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if !duplicate {
+			return candidate
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func replace(target, temp string) error {
 	backup := target + ".bak"
 	_, statErr := os.Stat(target)

internal/platform/config/store_test.go

@@ -112,6 +112,28 @@ func TestDefaultPathForExecutableUsesExecutableDirectory(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDefaultInstanceUserDataDirectoryUsesExecutableDirectoryAndStableID(t *testing.T) {
+	executable := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "published", "chub.exe")
+	root, err := defaultInstanceUserDataRootForExecutable(executable)
+	if err != nil || root != filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(executable), "user_data_dirs") {
+		t.Fatalf("defaultInstanceUserDataRootForExecutable() = %q, %v", root, err)
+	}
+	first, err := defaultInstanceUserDataDir(root, "instance-one")
+	if err != nil || first != filepath.Join(root, "instance-one") {
+		t.Fatalf("defaultInstanceUserDataDir() = %q, %v", first, err)
+	}
+	second, err := defaultInstanceUserDataDir(root, "instance-two")
+	if err != nil || second == first {
+		t.Fatalf("distinct instance directory = %q, %v", second, err)
+	}
+	if _, err := defaultInstanceUserDataRootForExecutable("chub.exe"); !errors.Is(err, ErrDefaultConfigUnavailable) {
+		t.Fatalf("relative executable root error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := defaultInstanceUserDataDir(root, `..\other`); !errors.Is(err, ErrDefaultConfigUnavailable) {
+		t.Fatalf("unsafe instance id error = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestOpenDefaultAtMigratesValidLegacyWithoutRemovingIt(t *testing.T) {
 	directory := t.TempDir()
 	target := filepath.Join(directory, "portable", "config.json")
@@ -249,6 +271,23 @@ func TestStoreRoundTripsReferencedProxyWithoutCredentials(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestStoreRejectsBlankOrDuplicateProxyNamesAndServers(t *testing.T) {
+	store, err := New(filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, proxies := range [][]ProxyProfile{
+		{{ID: "blank", Name: " ", Server: "http://127.0.0.1:8080"}},
+		{{ID: "one", Name: "新加坡", Server: "http://127.0.0.1:8080"}, {ID: "two", Name: "新加坡", Server: "http://127.0.0.1:8081"}},
+		{{ID: "one", Name: "Singapore", Server: "http://127.0.0.1:8080"}, {ID: "two", Name: "sINGAPORE", Server: "http://127.0.0.1:8081"}},
+		{{ID: "one", Name: "新加坡", Server: "http://127.0.0.1:8080"}, {ID: "two", Name: "东京", Server: "HTTP://127.0.0.1:8080"}},
+	} {
+		if err := store.Save(File{Proxies: proxies}); err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unsafe proxy profiles persisted: %#v", proxies)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestStoreMigratesLegacyProxyAndRejectsUnsafeConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(`{"version":1,"settings":{},"instances":[{"id":"a","name":"运营","launch":{"Kind":"chrome","UserDataDir":"C:\\profiles\\a","ProxyServer":"http://127.0.0.1:8080"}}]}`), 0o600); err != nil {

internal/ui/shell.go

@@ -33,11 +33,12 @@ const (
 )
 
 const (
-	instanceNameColumnWeight      = 20
-	instanceBrowserColumnWeight   = 10
-	instanceDirectoryColumnWeight = 29
-	instancePortColumnWeight      = 10
-	instanceStatusColumnWeight    = 13
+	instanceNameColumnWeight      = 17
+	instanceBrowserColumnWeight   = 9
+	instanceDirectoryColumnWeight = 28
+	instanceProxyColumnWeight     = 9
+	instancePortColumnWeight      = 9
+	instanceStatusColumnWeight    = 10
 	instanceActionColumnWeight    = 18
 )
 
@@ -314,6 +315,7 @@ type Shell struct {
 	formFeedback       string
 	editFeedback       string
 	proxyServer        widget.Editor
+	proxyName          widget.Editor
 	proxySave          widget.Clickable
 	proxyDelete        widget.Clickable
 	proxyFeedback      string
@@ -361,6 +363,8 @@ type Shell struct {
 	unexpectedExitFocus    bool
 	unexpectedExitFocusID  string
 	nextInstance           uint64
+	pendingCreateID        string
+	defaultInstanceDirRoot string
 	instanceFeedback       string
 	pendingDeleteID        string
 	editingID              string
@@ -459,10 +463,23 @@ func (s *Shell) SetProxies(options []ProxyOption) {
 	}
 	if !s.proxyExists(s.settingsProxyID) {
 		s.settingsProxyID = ""
+		s.proxyName.SetText("")
 		s.proxyServer.SetText("")
 	}
 }
 
+// SetDefaultInstanceUserDataRoot supplies the already resolved executable-side
+// profile root. It is deliberately a string-only UI boundary: no filesystem
+// lookup, creation, or permission check happens in the Gio shell.
+func (s *Shell) SetDefaultInstanceUserDataRoot(root string) {
+	root = strings.TrimSpace(root)
+	if root == "" || !filepath.IsAbs(root) {
+		s.defaultInstanceDirRoot = ""
+		return
+	}
+	s.defaultInstanceDirRoot = filepath.Clean(root)
+}
+
 func (s *Shell) SetSettings(value SettingsState) {
 	s.chromePath.SetText(value.ChromePath)
 	s.edgePath.SetText(value.EdgePath)
@@ -662,6 +679,17 @@ func (s *Shell) consumeControls(gtx layout.Context) {
 func (s *Shell) beginCreate() {
 	s.page = pageCreate
 	s.formFeedback = ""
+	s.pendingCreateID = s.allocateInstanceID()
+	s.instanceName.SetText("")
+	s.instanceURL.SetText("")
+	s.createProxyID = ""
+	s.browserKind.Value = "chrome"
+	if defaultDir := s.defaultCreateInstanceDir(s.pendingCreateID); defaultDir != "" {
+		s.instanceDir.SetText(defaultDir)
+	} else {
+		s.instanceDir.SetText("")
+		s.formFeedback = "无法确定程序目录中的默认 User Data Dir；请选择或输入一个绝对路径。"
+	}
 	s.instancePort.SetText(strconv.Itoa(s.recommendRemoteDebugPort("")))
 }
 
@@ -1016,6 +1044,7 @@ func (s *Shell) instanceListRow(row InstanceRow) layout.Widget {
 								layout.Flexed(instanceNameColumnWeight, material.Body1(s.theme, row.Name).Layout),
 								layout.Flexed(instanceBrowserColumnWeight, material.Body2(s.theme, row.Browser).Layout),
 								layout.Flexed(instanceDirectoryColumnWeight, pathCell(s.theme, row.UserDataDir)),
+								layout.Flexed(instanceProxyColumnWeight, proxyNameCell(s.theme, s.proxyDisplayName(row.ProxyID))),
 								layout.Flexed(instancePortColumnWeight, remoteDebugPortCell(s.theme, row)),
 								layout.Flexed(instanceStatusColumnWeight, statusLabel(s.theme, row.Status)),
 							)
@@ -1049,6 +1078,7 @@ func (s *Shell) instanceHeader(gtx layout.Context) layout.Dimensions {
 					layout.Flexed(instanceNameColumnWeight, material.Caption(s.theme, "实例名称").Layout),
 					layout.Flexed(instanceBrowserColumnWeight, material.Caption(s.theme, "浏览器类型").Layout),
 					layout.Flexed(instanceDirectoryColumnWeight, material.Caption(s.theme, "用户数据目录").Layout),
+					layout.Flexed(instanceProxyColumnWeight, material.Caption(s.theme, "代理").Layout),
 					layout.Flexed(instancePortColumnWeight, material.Caption(s.theme, "调试端口").Layout),
 					layout.Flexed(instanceStatusColumnWeight, material.Caption(s.theme, "状态").Layout),
 					layout.Flexed(instanceActionColumnWeight, func(gtx layout.Context) layout.Dimensions {
@@ -1072,6 +1102,12 @@ func remoteDebugPortCell(theme *material.Theme, row InstanceRow) layout.Widget {
 	return style.Layout
 }
 
+func proxyNameCell(theme *material.Theme, name string) layout.Widget {
+	style := material.Body2(theme, name)
+	style.MaxLines = 1
+	return style.Layout
+}
+
 func actualRemoteDebugPortText(port int) string {
 	if port > 0 {
 		return strconv.Itoa(port)
@@ -1965,6 +2001,8 @@ func (s *Shell) proxySettings(gtx layout.Context) layout.Dimensions {
 	return layout.Flex{Axis: layout.Vertical}.Layout(gtx,
 		layout.Rigid(s.settingsField(func(gtx layout.Context) layout.Dimensions { return s.proxyPickerField(gtx, proxyPickerSettings) })),
 		layout.Rigid(layout.Spacer{Height: unit.Dp(8)}.Layout),
+		layout.Rigid(s.settingsField(s.formField("代理名称", "用于实例列表和选择器识别；名称必须唯一", &s.proxyName))),
+		layout.Rigid(layout.Spacer{Height: unit.Dp(8)}.Layout),
 		layout.Rigid(s.settingsField(s.formField("代理地址", "支持 http、https、socks4、socks5；不允许用户名、密码或路径", &s.proxyServer))),
 		layout.Rigid(layout.Spacer{Height: unit.Dp(8)}.Layout),
 		layout.Rigid(s.settingsActionBar(func(gtx layout.Context) layout.Dimensions {
@@ -2124,7 +2162,7 @@ func (s *Shell) proxyPickerField(gtx layout.Context, target proxyPickerTarget) l
 		click = &s.settingsProxyPick
 		selected = s.settingsProxyID
 		label = "已保存代理"
-		help = "选择项会回填代理地址；选择新建会清空输入框"
+		help = "选择项会回填代理名称和地址；选择新建会清空输入框"
 	}
 	for click.Clicked(gtx) {
 		s.proxyPicker = proxyPickerState{open: true, target: target}
@@ -2138,17 +2176,26 @@ func (s *Shell) proxyPickerField(gtx layout.Context, target proxyPickerTarget) l
 }
 
 func (s *Shell) proxyLabel(id string) string {
+	if option, exists := s.proxyOption(id); exists {
+		return proxyPickerLabel(option)
+	}
+	return s.proxyDisplayName(id)
+}
+
+func (s *Shell) proxyDisplayName(id string) string {
 	if id == "" {
 		return "无代理"
 	}
-	for _, option := range s.proxies {
-		if option.ID == id {
-			return option.Server
-		}
+	if option, exists := s.proxyOption(id); exists {
+		return option.Name
 	}
 	return "代理不可用"
 }
 
+func proxyPickerLabel(option ProxyOption) string {
+	return option.Name + " · " + option.Server
+}
+
 func (s *Shell) proxyExists(id string) bool {
 	if _, exists := s.proxyOption(id); exists {
 		return true
@@ -2186,10 +2233,12 @@ func (s *Shell) selectPickerProxy(id string) {
 	} else if s.proxyPicker.target == proxyPickerSettings {
 		s.settingsProxyID = id
 		if id == "" {
+			s.proxyName.SetText("")
 			s.proxyServer.SetText("")
 		} else {
 			for _, option := range s.proxies {
 				if option.ID == id {
+					s.proxyName.SetText(option.Name)
 					s.proxyServer.SetText(option.Server)
 					break
 				}
@@ -2252,7 +2301,14 @@ func (s *Shell) proxyPickerCard(gtx layout.Context) layout.Dimensions {
 						layout.Rigid(func(gtx layout.Context) layout.Dimensions {
 							return s.proxyPickerChoiceFor(option.ID).Layout(gtx, func(gtx layout.Context) layout.Dimensions {
 								return layout.Inset{Top: unit.Dp(7), Bottom: unit.Dp(7), Left: unit.Dp(10), Right: unit.Dp(10)}.Layout(gtx, func(gtx layout.Context) layout.Dimensions {
-									return material.Body1(s.theme, option.Server).Layout(gtx)
+									name := material.Body1(s.theme, option.Name)
+									name.MaxLines = 1
+									server := material.Caption(s.theme, option.Server)
+									server.MaxLines = 1
+									return layout.Flex{Axis: layout.Vertical}.Layout(gtx,
+										layout.Rigid(name.Layout),
+										layout.Rigid(server.Layout),
+									)
 								})
 							})
 						}),
@@ -2300,8 +2356,8 @@ func (s *Shell) createInstanceFromForm() {
 		return
 	}
 	userDataDir := strings.TrimSpace(s.instanceDir.Text())
-	if userDataDir == "" {
-		s.formFeedback = "请选择或输入 User Data Dir 后再创建。"
+	if userDataDir == "" || !filepath.IsAbs(userDataDir) {
+		s.formFeedback = "请选择或输入绝对路径的 User Data Dir 后再创建。"
 		return
 	}
 	preferredPort, err := normalizePreferredRemoteDebugPort(s.instancePort.Text())
@@ -2313,12 +2369,15 @@ func (s *Shell) createInstanceFromForm() {
 		s.formFeedback = fmt.Sprintf("端口 %d 已被其他 Chub 实例预留或使用。", preferredPort)
 		return
 	}
-	s.nextInstance++
+	instanceID := s.pendingCreateID
+	if instanceID == "" || s.instanceIDExists(instanceID) {
+		instanceID = s.allocateInstanceID()
+	}
 	s.rows = append(s.rows, InstanceRow{
-		ID:                       fmt.Sprintf("instance-%d", s.nextInstance),
+		ID:                       instanceID,
 		Name:                     name,
 		Browser:                  browserDisplay(s.browserKind.Value),
-		UserDataDir:              userDataDir,
+		UserDataDir:              filepath.Clean(userDataDir),
 		TargetURL:                strings.TrimSpace(s.instanceURL.Text()),
 		ProxyID:                  s.createProxyID,
 		PreferredRemoteDebugPort: preferredPort,
@@ -2326,9 +2385,36 @@ func (s *Shell) createInstanceFromForm() {
 	})
 	s.page = pageInstances
 	s.formFeedback = ""
+	s.pendingCreateID = ""
 	s.notifyInstancesChanged()
 }
 
+func (s *Shell) defaultCreateInstanceDir(instanceID string) string {
+	if s.defaultInstanceDirRoot == "" || instanceID == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(s.defaultInstanceDirRoot, instanceID)
+}
+
+func (s *Shell) allocateInstanceID() string {
+	for {
+		s.nextInstance++
+		candidate := fmt.Sprintf("instance-%d-%d", time.Now().UnixNano(), s.nextInstance)
+		if !s.instanceIDExists(candidate) && candidate != s.pendingCreateID {
+			return candidate
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Shell) instanceIDExists(id string) bool {
+	for _, row := range s.rows {
+		if row.ID == id {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func (s *Shell) togglePathSearch(field PathField) {
 	state := s.searches[field]
 	if state == nil {
@@ -2469,12 +2555,21 @@ func (s *Shell) deleteClickFor(id string) *widget.Clickable {
 }
 
 func (s *Shell) saveProxy() {
+	name, err := domain.NormalizeProxyName(s.proxyName.Text())
+	if err != nil {
+		s.proxyFeedback = "请输入代理名称。"
+		return
+	}
 	server, err := domain.NormalizeProxyServer(s.proxyServer.Text())
 	if err != nil || server == "" {
 		s.proxyFeedback = "代理地址必须是无认证的 scheme://host:port。"
 		return
 	}
 	for _, option := range s.proxies {
+		if option.ID != s.settingsProxyID && strings.EqualFold(option.Name, name) {
+			s.proxyFeedback = "该代理名称已存在，请使用其他名称。"
+			return
+		}
 		if option.ID != s.settingsProxyID && option.Server == server {
 			s.proxyFeedback = "该代理地址已存在，请从下拉框选择它。"
 			return
@@ -2483,15 +2578,15 @@ func (s *Shell) saveProxy() {
 	if s.settingsProxyID == "" {
 		s.nextProxy++
 		s.settingsProxyID = fmt.Sprintf("proxy-%d", s.nextProxy)
-		s.proxies = append(s.proxies, ProxyOption{ID: s.settingsProxyID, Name: server, Server: server})
-		s.proxyFeedback = fmt.Sprintf("已添加代理“%s”；后续启动将使用该地址。", server)
+		s.proxies = append(s.proxies, ProxyOption{ID: s.settingsProxyID, Name: name, Server: server})
+		s.proxyFeedback = fmt.Sprintf("已添加代理“%s”；后续启动将使用该地址。", name)
 	} else {
 		updated := false
 		for index := range s.proxies {
 			if s.proxies[index].ID != s.settingsProxyID {
 				continue
 			}
-			s.proxies[index].Name = server
+			s.proxies[index].Name = name
 			s.proxies[index].Server = server
 			updated = true
 			break
@@ -2500,8 +2595,9 @@ func (s *Shell) saveProxy() {
 			s.proxyFeedback = "所选代理已不可用，请重新选择或新建。"
 			return
 		}
-		s.proxyFeedback = fmt.Sprintf("已保存代理“%s”；后续启动将使用最新端点。", server)
+		s.proxyFeedback = fmt.Sprintf("已保存代理“%s”；后续启动将使用最新端点。", name)
 	}
+	s.proxyName.SetText(name)
 	s.proxyServer.SetText(server)
 	s.notifyProxiesChanged()
 }
@@ -2552,9 +2648,10 @@ func (s *Shell) confirmProxyDelete() {
 		}
 		if s.settingsProxyID == id {
 			s.settingsProxyID = ""
+			s.proxyName.SetText("")
 			s.proxyServer.SetText("")
 		}
-		s.proxyFeedback = fmt.Sprintf("已删除代理“%s”。", option.Server)
+		s.proxyFeedback = fmt.Sprintf("已删除代理“%s”。", option.Name)
 		s.notifyProxiesChanged()
 		return
 	}

internal/ui/shell_test.go

@@ -68,13 +68,16 @@ func TestShellInstanceRowsContainRequiredColumnsAndIndependentActionControls(t *
 }
 
 func TestInstanceListColumnWeightsPrioritizeDirectoryAndCompactAction(t *testing.T) {
-	got := instanceNameColumnWeight + instanceBrowserColumnWeight + instanceDirectoryColumnWeight + instancePortColumnWeight + instanceStatusColumnWeight + instanceActionColumnWeight
+	got := instanceNameColumnWeight + instanceBrowserColumnWeight + instanceDirectoryColumnWeight + instanceProxyColumnWeight + instancePortColumnWeight + instanceStatusColumnWeight + instanceActionColumnWeight
 	if got != 100 {
 		t.Fatalf("instance column weights = %d, want 100", got)
 	}
 	if instanceDirectoryColumnWeight <= instanceNameColumnWeight {
 		t.Fatal("user data directory must have the widest instance-list column")
 	}
+	if instanceProxyColumnWeight >= instanceDirectoryColumnWeight {
+		t.Fatal("proxy name must remain a compact display-only column")
+	}
 	if instanceActionColumnWeight <= instanceStatusColumnWeight {
 		t.Fatal("actions column must fit both compact icon commands")
 	}
@@ -716,8 +719,11 @@ func TestShellRequestsDiscardConfirmationForDirtyEdit(t *testing.T) {
 func TestShellCreatesAndEditsInstanceProxySelection(t *testing.T) {
 	shell := NewShell(material.NewTheme())
 	shell.SetProxies([]ProxyOption{{ID: "proxy-sg", Name: "新加坡", Server: "http://127.0.0.1:8080"}})
-	if label := shell.proxyLabel("proxy-sg"); label != "http://127.0.0.1:8080" {
-		t.Fatalf("proxy label = %q, want complete proxy address", label)
+	if label := shell.proxyLabel("proxy-sg"); label != "新加坡 · http://127.0.0.1:8080" {
+		t.Fatalf("proxy label = %q, want name and complete proxy address", label)
+	}
+	if display := shell.proxyDisplayName("proxy-sg"); display != "新加坡" {
+		t.Fatalf("proxy display name = %q", display)
 	}
 	shell.instanceName.SetText("新实例")
 	shell.instanceDir.SetText(t.TempDir())
@@ -741,6 +747,7 @@ func TestShellPreventsDeletingReferencedProxy(t *testing.T) {
 	shell.SetProxies([]ProxyOption{{ID: "proxy-sg", Name: "新加坡", Server: "http://127.0.0.1:8080"}})
 	shell.rows[0].ProxyID = "proxy-sg"
 	shell.settingsProxyID = "proxy-sg"
+	shell.proxyName.SetText("新加坡")
 	shell.proxyServer.SetText("http://127.0.0.1:8080")
 	changes := 0
 	shell.OnProxiesChanged(func([]ProxyOption) { changes++ })
@@ -754,13 +761,13 @@ func TestShellPreventsDeletingReferencedProxy(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("pending proxy deletion = %q", shell.pendingProxyDelete)
 	}
 	shell.cancelProxyDelete()
-	if shell.pendingProxyDelete != "" || len(shell.proxies) != 1 || changes != 0 || shell.settingsProxyID != "proxy-sg" || shell.proxyServer.Text() != "http://127.0.0.1:8080" {
-		t.Fatalf("cancelled delete state = proxies %#v, changes %d, selection %q, server %q", shell.proxies, changes, shell.settingsProxyID, shell.proxyServer.Text())
+	if shell.pendingProxyDelete != "" || len(shell.proxies) != 1 || changes != 0 || shell.settingsProxyID != "proxy-sg" || shell.proxyName.Text() != "新加坡" || shell.proxyServer.Text() != "http://127.0.0.1:8080" {
+		t.Fatalf("cancelled delete state = proxies %#v, changes %d, selection %q, name %q, server %q", shell.proxies, changes, shell.settingsProxyID, shell.proxyName.Text(), shell.proxyServer.Text())
 	}
 	shell.requestProxyDelete()
 	shell.confirmProxyDelete()
-	if len(shell.proxies) != 0 || changes != 1 || shell.settingsProxyID != "" || shell.proxyServer.Text() != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("unreferenced delete state = proxies %#v, changes %d, selection %q, server %q", shell.proxies, changes, shell.settingsProxyID, shell.proxyServer.Text())
+	if len(shell.proxies) != 0 || changes != 1 || shell.settingsProxyID != "" || shell.proxyName.Text() != "" || shell.proxyServer.Text() != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("unreferenced delete state = proxies %#v, changes %d, selection %q, name %q, server %q", shell.proxies, changes, shell.settingsProxyID, shell.proxyName.Text(), shell.proxyServer.Text())
 	}
 }
 
@@ -772,29 +779,76 @@ func TestShellSavesProxyFromAddressPicker(t *testing.T) {
 
 	shell.proxyPicker.target = proxyPickerSettings
 	shell.selectPickerProxy("proxy-sg")
-	if shell.settingsProxyID != "proxy-sg" || shell.proxyServer.Text() != "http://127.0.0.1:8080" {
-		t.Fatalf("selected proxy = %q, server %q", shell.settingsProxyID, shell.proxyServer.Text())
+	if shell.settingsProxyID != "proxy-sg" || shell.proxyName.Text() != "旧名称" || shell.proxyServer.Text() != "http://127.0.0.1:8080" {
+		t.Fatalf("selected proxy = %q, name %q, server %q", shell.settingsProxyID, shell.proxyName.Text(), shell.proxyServer.Text())
 	}
 
+	shell.proxyName.SetText("新加坡出口")
 	shell.proxyServer.SetText("http://127.0.0.1:8081")
 	shell.saveProxy()
-	if len(shell.proxies) != 1 || shell.proxies[0].ID != "proxy-sg" || shell.proxies[0].Name != "http://127.0.0.1:8081" || shell.proxies[0].Server != "http://127.0.0.1:8081" || changes != 1 {
+	if len(shell.proxies) != 1 || shell.proxies[0].ID != "proxy-sg" || shell.proxies[0].Name != "新加坡出口" || shell.proxies[0].Server != "http://127.0.0.1:8081" || changes != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("updated proxy = %#v, changes %d", shell.proxies, changes)
 	}
+	if display := shell.proxyDisplayName("proxy-sg"); display != "新加坡出口" {
+		t.Fatalf("updated proxy display name = %q", display)
+	}
 
 	shell.proxyPicker.target = proxyPickerSettings
 	shell.selectPickerProxy("")
-	if shell.settingsProxyID != "" || shell.proxyServer.Text() != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("new proxy state = id %q, server %q", shell.settingsProxyID, shell.proxyServer.Text())
+	if shell.settingsProxyID != "" || shell.proxyName.Text() != "" || shell.proxyServer.Text() != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("new proxy state = id %q, name %q, server %q", shell.settingsProxyID, shell.proxyName.Text(), shell.proxyServer.Text())
 	}
 
+	shell.proxyName.SetText("东京出口")
 	shell.proxyServer.SetText("http://127.0.0.1:8082")
 	shell.saveProxy()
-	if len(shell.proxies) != 2 || shell.settingsProxyID == "" || shell.proxies[1].Name != "http://127.0.0.1:8082" || shell.proxies[1].Server != "http://127.0.0.1:8082" || changes != 2 {
+	if len(shell.proxies) != 2 || shell.settingsProxyID == "" || shell.proxies[1].Name != "东京出口" || shell.proxies[1].Server != "http://127.0.0.1:8082" || changes != 2 {
 		t.Fatalf("created proxy = %#v, selected %q, changes %d", shell.proxies, shell.settingsProxyID, changes)
 	}
 }
 
+func TestShellRejectsDuplicateProxyNameWithoutReplacingSelectedProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	shell := NewShell(material.NewTheme())
+	shell.SetProxies([]ProxyOption{
+		{ID: "proxy-sg", Name: "新加坡出口", Server: "http://127.0.0.1:8080"},
+		{ID: "proxy-jp", Name: "东京出口", Server: "http://127.0.0.1:8081"},
+	})
+	shell.proxyPicker.target = proxyPickerSettings
+	shell.selectPickerProxy("proxy-jp")
+	shell.proxyName.SetText(" 新加坡出口 ")
+	shell.proxyServer.SetText("http://127.0.0.1:8082")
+	shell.saveProxy()
+	if !strings.Contains(shell.proxyFeedback, "名称已存在") || shell.proxies[1].Name != "东京出口" || shell.proxies[1].Server != "http://127.0.0.1:8081" {
+		t.Fatalf("duplicate name state = proxies %#v, feedback %q", shell.proxies, shell.proxyFeedback)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestShellUsesDistinctDefaultDirectoriesForNewInstances(t *testing.T) {
+	shell := NewShell(material.NewTheme())
+	root := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "user_data_dirs")
+	shell.SetDefaultInstanceUserDataRoot(root)
+
+	shell.beginCreate()
+	firstID := shell.pendingCreateID
+	firstDir := shell.instanceDir.Text()
+	if firstID == "" || firstDir != filepath.Join(root, firstID) {
+		t.Fatalf("first default directory = %q for id %q", firstDir, firstID)
+	}
+	shell.instanceName.SetText("第一个实例")
+	shell.createInstanceFromForm()
+	created := shell.rows[len(shell.rows)-1]
+	if created.ID != firstID || created.UserDataDir != firstDir {
+		t.Fatalf("created default instance = %#v", created)
+	}
+
+	shell.beginCreate()
+	secondID := shell.pendingCreateID
+	secondDir := shell.instanceDir.Text()
+	if secondID == "" || secondID == firstID || secondDir != filepath.Join(root, secondID) || secondDir == firstDir {
+		t.Fatalf("second default directory = %q for id %q, first %q", secondDir, secondID, firstDir)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestShellMarksUnexpectedManagedExitAndRestoresStartFocus(t *testing.T) {
 	shell := NewShell(material.NewTheme())
 	target := shell.rows[0]